Because plants are often exposed to adverse conditions, they have evolved complex mechanisms to modulate their cell cycle and force them to stop growing temporarily when conditions become too harsh. The main drivers of the cell cycle are cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). These CDKs are negatively regulated by the binding of small inhibitory proteins known as CDK inhibitors (CKIs).

Diatoms are extraordinary siliceous microalgae that are among the world's most prolific primary producers. They play an essential role in global nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration, and contribute about a fifth of the global oxygen production. They also have diverse metabolic capabilities and an immense potential for biotechnological applications, including the production of biofuels, nutraceuticals and various heterologous molecules.